Topics
5 topicsCJS require() Internals
How Node.js require works internally through resolution, Module._load, source wrapping, compilation, module.exports, and require.cache.
Module Resolution
How Node.js resolves module specifiers through built-ins, relative paths, node_modules lookup, package.json main, exports, imports, and symlinks.
ES Modules
How ES Modules work in Node.js through static import/export syntax, module format detection, parse-link-evaluate phases, and live bindings.
CommonJS/ESM Interop
How CommonJS and ES Modules interoperate in Node.js through CJS namespaces, require(esm), conditional exports, and dual package design.
import.meta & ESM Caching
How import.meta, import.meta.url, import.meta.dirname, the ESM module cache, circular dependencies, and module state work in Node.js.